癌症中的中性粒细胞胞外拿获网：免疫革新、颐养违背与靶向策略的窘境

Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: immune modulation， therapy resistance， and the dilemma of targeting

作家:Marta Brambilla， Anna Zanichelli， Valeria Cancila， Mario Paolo Colombo， Claudia Chiodoni， Sabina Sangaletti

期刊:Cell death & disease

提要

细胞外DNA的开释是一种在不同物种中高度保守的机制。由中性粒细胞开释的细胞外罗网（NETs）代表了机体回击病原体的策略性详实用具，通过其胜利拿获与杀灭作用，以畸形组分具有的免疫佐剂才气。在本综述中，咱们斟酌了NETs在中的作用，从肿瘤的发生到复发，并涉畸形皮癌症有关共病中的变装。此外，咱们还探讨了NETs在化疗、放疗及尤其是免疫颐养中的新兴作用，原因在于它们对细胞毒性免疫反馈的禁止以及肿瘤微环境的重塑，酿成免疫耐受的微环境。颐养上的坚苦在于，开云体育官方网站靶向NETs以规复抗肿瘤免疫是否可能收缩宿主对感染的详实，这在免疫功能已受损的患者中尤为蹙迫，潜在的不良影响弗成漠视。此外，尽管NETs的促肿瘤作用被昔时招供，但在某些特定情境下，NETs也被觉得有助于复旧抗肿瘤免疫。因此，要道的挑战在于诀别“无益”的促肿瘤NETs与“成心”的抗微生物/抗肿瘤NETs，这关于设立可靠的生物符号物和更精准的NET靶向颐养策略具有蹙迫真义真义。

Abstract

The release of extracellular DNA is a highly conserved mechanism across species. Extracellular traps released by neutrophils (NETs) represent a strategic defensive tool of the organism against pathogens， through their direct entrapment and killing， but also through the immunoadjuvant ability of their components. In this review， we discuss the involvement of NETs in cancer， from tumour initiation to recurrence， touching also on their role in cancer-associated comorbidities. We also discuss the emerging contribution of NETs in resistance to chemotherapy， radiotherapy and， particularly， immunotherapy， because of their suppression of cytotoxic immune responses and remodelling of the tumour microenvironment into an immune-tolerant niche. The therapeutic dilemma lies in whether targeting NETs to restore anti-tumour immunity may compromise the host's defence against infections， an adverse effect that is far from negligible in patients who are often already immunocompromised. Furthermore， despite their widely recognized pro-tumoral functions， NETs have also been implicated in supporting anti-tumour immunity in specific contexts. The key challenge， therefore， lies in distinguishing between \"bad\" pro-tumoral NETs and \"good\" anti-microbial/anti-tumoral NETs， both for identifying reliable biomarkers and for developing more precise NET-based therapeutic targets.

About Us

吉诺生物--微信公众号矩阵

吉诺健康

吉诺生物试剂

吉诺技能奇迹

吉诺生物--官方网站

吉诺集团

吉诺商城